Today nanotechnology (纳米技术) is still in a formative phase. Yet it is maturing rapidly. Between 1997 and 2005, investment in nanotech research and development by governments around the world ____1____from $ 432 million to about $ 4. 1 billion, and corresponding industry investment exceeded that of governments by 2005. By 2015, products incorporating nanotech will contribute approximately $1 trillion to the global economy.

　　Descriptions of nanotech typically characterize it purely in terms of the minute size-assemblies between the size of an atom and about 100 molecular diameters (分子直径).  That___2____makes it sound as though nanotech is merely looking to use infinitely smaller parts than conventional engineering. But rearranging the atoms and molecules leads to new____ 3___ One sees a transition between the fixed behavior of individual atoms and molecules and the adjustable behavior of collectives. Thus, nanotechnology might better be viewed as the ____4____ of quantum theory (量子论) and other nano specific phenomena to fundamentally control the properties and behavior of matter.

　　The second stage, which began in 2005, focuses on active nanostructures that change their size, shape, conductivity or other properties during use. New drug delivery particles could release therapeutic(治疗的) molecules in the body only after they reached their____5____diseased tissues. Electronic components such as transistors and amplifiers with adaptive functions could be reduced to single, complex molecules.

　　Starting around 2010, workers will ___6____expertise with systems of nanostructures, directing large numbers of intricate components to specified ends. One application could involve the guided self assembly of nanoelectronic components into three dimensional circuits and whole devices. Medicine could employ such systems to improve the tissue compatibility of implants, or perhaps even to build ____7___organs.

　　After 2015 - 2020, the field will include molecular nanosystems. Whereas biological systems are water based and markedly temperature sensitive, these molecular nanosystems will be able to operate in a far wider range of environments and should be much faster. Computers and robots could be reduced to___8___small sizes. New interfaces linking people directly to electronics could change telecommunications. Over time, therefore, nanoteclmology should benefit every industrial sector and health care field. Nanotech does, however, pose new challenges to risk governance as well. Internationally, more needs to be done to collect the scientific information needed to resolve the ___9__and to install the proper regulatory oversight. Helping the public to ____10___nanotech soberly in a big picture that retains human values and quality of life will also be essential for this powerful new discipline to live up to its astonishing potential.

　　A.ambiguities

　　B.application

　　C.artificial

　　D.compulsory

　　E.cultivate

　　F.depiction

　　G.extraordinarily

　　H.illuminate

　　I.indignation

　　J.ingenious

　　K.instantaneously

　　L.perceive

　　M.properties

　　N.soared

　　O.targeted