2016年6月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage one
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values,” said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.
Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.
The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo (禁忌).
One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps (嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.
(1).What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A.It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.
B.It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C.It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
D.It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
参考答案：C
解题思路：
由题干中的threat定位到文章第四段。第四段第二句提到，这种危险可以避免，如果我们思考出如何将人类的价值观转换成编程代码。第二段提到，随着机器人解决的问题越来越复杂，很有必要将我们的道德观念转变成人工智能语言。因此正确答案为C项。
(2).What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?
A.They are aggressive.
B.They are outgoing.
C.They are ignorant.
D.They are ill-bred.
参考答案：D
解题思路：
由题干中的personal space定位到第三段。第三段第二句提到，如果你正在和另外一个人讲话，他们靠近你并闯入你的私人空间，你不会认为这是一个有良好教养的人会做的事情。a properly brought-up person表示“一个有良好教养的人”。因此，正确答案为D。
(3).How do robots learn human values?
A.By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.
B.By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C.By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
D.By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.
参考答案：C
解题思路：
由题干中的robots learn human values定位到第六段。第六段第一句提到，机器人也能够从大量由有关人类行为的数据所构成的图案中了解到价值观念。因此，正确答案为C项。
(4).What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A.Keep a distance from possible dangers.
B.Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C.Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D.Do sufficient testing before taking action.
参考答案：B
解题思路：
由题干中的an unusual situation定位到倒数第三段。倒数第三段中提到，这里有一个简单的检查方法，那就是，为机器人编入一套能够在面临特殊情况时和人类一起检查出正确的行为路径的系统。后文中通过举例表明，如果机器人不确定这个动物是否能够用微波炉烹饪，他会停下来，并发出嘟嘟的声音，然后向人类询问指示。因此，正确答案为B项。
(5).What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A.Determine what is moral and ethical.
B.Design some large-scale experiments.
C.Set rules for man-machine interaction.
D.Develop a more sophisticated program.
参考答案：A
解题思路：
由题干中的most difficult和programmable code定位到最后一段。最后一段第一句提到，编入价值观最困难的一步将会是，我们要精确决定应该相信怎样的道德观念并如何创造出一套道德规则。因此，正确答案为A项。
考生们要抓紧时间好好复习啦！
更多大学英语四级考试试题在这里>>>大学英语四级考试题库
